On February 4, 2021, the House Energy and Commerce’s Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce held a hearing entitled, “Safeguarding American Consumers: Fighting Scams and Fraud During the Pandemic.”  The hearing focused on the FTC’s ability to obtain equitable monetary relief under Section 13(b) of the FTC Act – an issue that is currently being considered by the Supreme Court in AMG Capital Management LLC v. Federal Trade Commission.

To gain a better understanding of the deceptive marketing campaigns seeking to exploit the ongoing public health crisis and the challenges the FTC faces in fighting fraud, the Subcommittee invited Bonnie Patten, Executive Director of TruthInAdvertising.org; Jessica Rich, former Bureau of Consumer Protection Director and Distinguished Fellow of the Institute for Technology Law & Policy at Georgetown Law School; William E. Kovacic, former FTC Chairman and Global Competition Professor of Law at George Washington University Law School; and Traci Ponto, Spokane COPS Crime Victim Advocate at Spokane Community Oriented Policy Services.

In their opening remarks, the Chairwoman of the Subcommittee, Janice D. Schakowsky (D-IL-09), and Ranking Member Gus M. Bilirakis (R-FL-12) expressed concern over the increasing number of fraudulent and deceptive marketing schemes that have arisen to take advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic and related economic crises.  Chairwoman Schakowsky lamented that “unfortunately [the FTC’s Section 13(b)] authority is under assault at the Supreme Court and the FTC may find itself deprived of a critical tool.”  She also warned that while the FTC has been very aggressive with investigating pandemic-related fraud, it has not gone after the major cause of the problem, negligence by platforms.  She remarked that these “partners in profit … must demonstrate real efforts to keep scammers off their sites.”

Four themes emerged during the hearing:

  • Safeguarding the FTC’s Section 13(b) Authority: Both Democratic and Republican members expressed concern that the Supreme Court could curtail the FTC’s authority and urged Congress to amend Section 13(b) of the FTC Act to make clear that the agency can bring federal actions.  Witnesses underscored the importance of Section 13(b), noting that if the FTC were forced to scale back its litigation efforts, consumers would face more deceptive claims and states would need to shift resources to secure relief for consumers.  However, the Ranking Member of the full committee, Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-WA-05), repeatedly warned of the potential for the FTC to abuse its authority to force settlements without affording defendants due process.  She advised that Congress take a “holistic view” as it considers legislation adjusting the FTC’s enforcement authority.
  • Increasing the FTC’s Consumer Redress Capacity: Witnesses also called on Congress to expand the FTC’s resources and penalty authority.  Former Chairman Kovacic advocated for increased funding to align its salaries with those of other U.S. financial services regulators and ensure adequate staffing levels for the FTC to meet its expansive mandate.   Patten proposed authorizing the agency to issue penalties for first-time violations and adopt a civil penalty fund, an approach also found in the Consumer Online Privacy Rights Act (S.2968).  As with the fund managed by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, this proposed civil penalty fund would allow the FTC to use restitution obtained in one case to make victims whole in other civil penalty cases.
  • Educating Consumers and Improving Collaboration: Many witnesses underscored the importance of helping consumers stay vigilant by educating them about deceptive marketing schemes and encouraging them to report violators to law enforcement.  They also urged more extensive collaboration between the FTC and other consumer protection bodies.  Although the consumer protection regime is a decentralized system, they argued that a more collaborative approach will ensure federal and state officials can respond more quickly and effectively to fraud and patterns of misconduct.
  • Duty of Platforms to Combat Fraud: Finally, witnesses expressed concern over the lack of action taken by platforms to screen out fraudulent content.  Witnesses remarked how the FTC faces obstacles in holding them accountable, in part because of the argument that Section 230 shields platforms from liability for deceptive marketing statements made on their website by third parties.  They proposed a range of solutions, from excluding Section 230 protection for commercial speech to establishing additional duties for social media companies to monitor content on their platforms.  Chairwoman Schakowsky also cited the bill she introduced last year, the Inform Consumers Act (R.7756), as a way to force companies to verify the identity of their third-party sellers.

Their written statements, as well as other information about the hearing, are available here.  We will continue to monitor developments regarding the FTC’s Section 13(b) authority and the FTC’s consumer protection enforcement agenda here on Inside Privacy.

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Photo of Laura Kim Laura Kim

Laura Kim draws upon her experience in senior positions at the Federal Trade Commission to advise clients across industries on complex advertising, privacy, and data security matters. She provides practical compliance advice and represents clients in FTC and State AG investigations. Laura advises on…

Laura Kim draws upon her experience in senior positions at the Federal Trade Commission to advise clients across industries on complex advertising, privacy, and data security matters. She provides practical compliance advice and represents clients in FTC and State AG investigations. Laura advises on a wide range of consumer protection issues, including green claims, influencers, native advertising, claim substantiation, Made in USA claims, children’s privacy, subscription auto-renewal marketing, and other digital advertising matters. In addition, Laura actively practices before the NAD, including recent successful resolution of matters for both challengers and advertisers. She is the Chair of Covington’s Advertising and Consumer Protection Investigations Group and participates in the firm’s Internet of Things Initiative.

Laura re-joined Covington after a twelve-year tenure at the FTC, where she served as Assistant Director in two divisions of the Bureau of Consumer Protection, as well as Chief of Staff in the Bureau of Consumer Protection and Attorney Advisor to former Chairman William E. Kovacic. She worked on key FTC Rules and Guides such as the Green Guides, Jewelry Guides, and the Telemarketing Sales Rule. She supervised these and other rule making proceedings and oversaw dozens of the Commission’s investigations and enforcement actions involving compliance with these rules. Laura also supervised compliance monitoring for companies under federal court or Commission order.

Laura also served as Deputy Chief Enforcement Officer at the U.S. Department of Education, where she helped establish a new Enforcement Office within Federal Student Aid. In this role, she managed investigations of higher education institutions and oversaw issuance of fines and adverse actions for institutions in violation of federal student aid regulations. Laura also supervised the borrower defense to repayment division and the Clery campus safety and security division.

Photo of Andrew Longhi Andrew Longhi

Andrew Longhi advises national and multinational companies across industries on a wide range of regulatory, compliance, and enforcement matters involving data privacy, telecommunications, and emerging technologies.

Andrew’s practice focuses on advising clients on how to navigate the rapidly evolving legal landscape of state…

Andrew Longhi advises national and multinational companies across industries on a wide range of regulatory, compliance, and enforcement matters involving data privacy, telecommunications, and emerging technologies.

Andrew’s practice focuses on advising clients on how to navigate the rapidly evolving legal landscape of state, federal, and international data protection laws. He proactively counsels clients on the substantive requirements introduced by new laws and shifting enforcement priorities. In particular, Andrew routinely supports clients in their efforts to launch new products and services that implicate the laws governing the use of data, connected devices, biometrics, and telephone and email marketing.

Andrew assesses privacy and cybersecurity risk as a part of diligence in complex corporate transactions where personal data is a key asset or data processing issues are otherwise material. He also provides guidance on generative AI issues, including privacy, Section 230, age-gating, product liability, and litigation risk, and has drafted standards and guidelines for large-language machine-learning models to follow. Andrew focuses on providing risk-based guidance that can keep pace with evolving legal frameworks.