Photo of Virginie de France

Virginie de France

Virginie de France is an associate in the Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Practice Group. She advises clients on the full range of EU technology, data protection, and digital regulatory matters. Virginie supports clients with data protection compliance projects, assisting with investigations led by national authorities, and acting in litigation. She also has substantial experience helping organizations meet European and national cybersecurity obligations.

On August 14, 2026, the French Constitutional Council (the “Constitutional Council”) struck down Article 1 of France’s Act to protect minors from the risks posed by the use of social media (the “Act”), which would have barred minors under the age of fifteen from accessing online social media services. The Constitutional Council held that the prohibition infringed on the freedom of expression and communication in a manner that was not appropriate, necessary, or proportionate to the objective pursued and, separately, that the legislature failed to provide the legal safeguards required to protect the right to respect for private life in connection with the age verification process that the ban would, by necessity, have entailed.

We summarise key aspects of the decision below.

Continue Reading French Constitutional Council Strikes Down Under-15 Social Media Ban

On July 16, 2026, the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) issued a decision clarifying that EU law does not, as a rule, prevent a national competition authority from seizing business emails stored on a company’s systems without prior authorisation from a court. However, strict legal safeguards and effective ex post judicial review must be implemented.

This blog post provides an overview of the decision.

Continue Reading CJEU Clarifies the Conditions for Seizure of Business Emails During Competition Inspections

On April 17, 2026, the Italian data protection authority (the “Garante”) published Provision No. 284 setting out guidelines on the use of “tracking pixels” in emails (the “Guidelines”). This publication closely follows the recommendation issued by the French data protection authority on the same topic, which is discussed in a

Continue Reading Italian DPA Publishes Guidelines on Email Tracking Pixels

In February 2026, the Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, “AEPD”) published guidance on data protection issues related to the use of AI agents. The guidance follows an earlier, similar analysis by the UK Information Commissioner’s Office, which we discussed in a prior blog

Continue Reading Spanish Supervisory Authority Issues Detailed Guidance on Agentic AI and GDPR Compliance

On 15 January 2026, the Belgian High Court delivered a judgment in proceedings initiated by the Belgian Supervisory Authority, in which it challenged the scope of judicial review exercised by the Market Court over its enforcement decisions. The authority was unsuccessful on both grounds of appeal.

Continue Reading Belgian High Court Confirms Full Judicial Review of Supervisory Authority Decisions