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Virginie de France

Virginie de France is an associate in the Data Privacy and Cybersecurity Practice Group. She advises clients on the full range of EU technology, data protection, and digital regulatory matters. Virginie supports clients with data protection compliance projects, assisting with investigations led by national authorities, and acting in litigation. She also has substantial experience helping organizations meet European and national cybersecurity obligations.

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On April 17, 2026, the Italian data protection authority (the “Garante”) published Provision No. 284 setting out guidelines on the use of “tracking pixels” in emails (the “Guidelines”). This publication closely follows the recommendation issued by the French data protection authority on the same topic, which is discussed in a…

Continue Reading Italian DPA Publishes Guidelines on Email Tracking Pixels

In February 2026, the Spanish data protection authority (Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, “AEPD”) published guidance on data protection issues related to the use of AI agents. The guidance follows an earlier, similar analysis by the UK Information Commissioner’s Office, which we discussed in a prior blog…

Continue Reading Spanish Supervisory Authority Issues Detailed Guidance on Agentic AI and GDPR Compliance

On 15 January 2026, the Belgian High Court delivered a judgment in proceedings initiated by the Belgian Supervisory Authority, in which it challenged the scope of judicial review exercised by the Market Court over its enforcement decisions. The authority was unsuccessful on both grounds of appeal.

Continue Reading Belgian High Court Confirms Full Judicial Review of Supervisory Authority Decisions